The Effect of Bosu Ball Strengthening Exercise on Dynamic Balance Among UniKL RCMP Athletes

Authors

  • Nurul Farihah Ismail Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University Kuala Lumpur, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v5i3.466

Keywords:

Bosu Ball exercise, Dynamic Balance, Y Balance Test, Athletes, Ankle Strengthening

Abstract

Acute ankle sprains are prevalent among athletes and often result in long-term impairment, including chronic ankle instability. Strengthening interventions like Bosu ball exercises may enhance dynamic balance and reduce injury recurrence. This randomized control trial compared the effects of Bosu ball exercises versus general ankle stretching on dynamic balance in 50 UniKL RCMP athletes aged 18–25. Participants were assigned to either an intervention group (Bosu ball exercises) or a control group (general stretching). Both groups trained once weekly for four weeks. The Y Balance Test assessed dynamic balance pre- and post-intervention. The intervention group showed significant improvements (p < 0.05), whereas the control group showed minimal change. In conclusion, Bosu ball exercises are more effective than general stretching in enhancing dynamic balance and should be integrated into athletic training programs.

References

Badau, A., Badau, D., & Enoiu, R. S. (2019). Evaluation of stable balance capacity by using bosu ball surfaces on different pressure levels. Mater. Plast, 56, 216–219. https://doi.org/10.37358/MP.19.1.51541

Brockett, C. L., & Chapman, G. J. (2016). Biomechanics of the ankle. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mporth.2016.04.015

Çelenk, Ç., Arslan, H., Aktuğ, Z. B., & Şimşek, E. (2018). The comparison between static and dynamic balance performances of team and individual athletes. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1134618

Cho, J. E., & Kim, H. (2021). Ankle proprioception deficit is the strongest factor predicting balance impairment in patients with chronic stroke. Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation, 3(4), 100165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arrct.2021.100165

Cho, K., Lee, K., Lee, B., Hwangjae, L., & Wanhee, L. (2014). Relationship between postural sway and dynamic balance in stroke patients. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.19891

Docking, S. I., & Cook, J. (2019). How do tendons adapt? Going beyond tissue responses to understand positive adaptation and pathology development: A narrative review. Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions, 19(3), 300. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.198912

Dodds, R., Kuh, D., Sayer, A. A., & Cooper, R. (2013). Physical activity levels across adult life and grip strength in early old age: Updating findings from a British birth cohort. Age and Ageing, 42(6), 794–798. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/aft124

Escriche-Escuder, A., Casaña, J., & Cuesta-Vargas, A. I. (2020). Load progression criteria in exercise programmes in lower limb tendinopathy: A systematic review. BMJ Open, 10(11), e041433. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041433.

Garber, C. E., Blissmer, B., Deschenes, M. R., Franklin, B. A., Lamonte, M. J., Lee, I. M., ... & Swain, D. P. (2011). Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: Guidance for prescribing exercise. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb

Ha, S. Y., Han, J. H., & Sung, Y. H. (2018). Effects of ankle strengthening exercise program on an unstable supporting surface on proprioception and balance in adults with functional ankle instability. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 14(2), 301–305. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1836082.041

Halabchi, F., & Hassabi, M. (2020). Acute ankle sprain in athletes: Clinical aspects and algorithmic approach. World Journal of Orthopedics, 11(12), 534–558. https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v11.i12.534

Hall, E. A., Docherty, C. L., Simon, J., Kingma, J. J., & Klossner, J. C. (2015). Strength-training protocols to improve deficits in participants with chronic ankle instability: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Athletic Training, 50(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.71

Hall, E. A., Chomistek, A. K., Kingma, J. J., & Docherty, C. L. (2018). Balance-and strength-training protocols to improve chronic ankle instability deficits, part I: Assessing clinical outcome measures. Journal of Athletic Training, 53(6), 568–577. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-385-16

Hanratty, C. E., Kerr, D. P., Wilson, I. M., McCracken, M., Sim, J., Basford, J. R., & McVeigh, J. G. (2016). Physical therapists’ perceptions and use of exercise in the management of subacromial shoulder impingement syndrome: Focus group study. Physical Therapy, 96(9), 1354–1363. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20150427

Haraldsson, B. T., Andersen, C. H., Erhardsen, K. T., Zebis, M. K., Micheletti, J. K., Pastre, C. M., & Andersen, L. L. (2021). Submaximal elastic resistance band tests to estimate upper and lower extremity maximal muscle strength. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2749. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052749

Herzog, M. M., Kerr, Z. Y., Marshall, S. W., & Wikstrom, E. A. (2019). Epidemiology of ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(6), 603–610. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-447-17

Iversen, V. M., Norum, M., Schoenfeld, B. J., & Fimland, M. S. (2021). No time to lift? Designing time-efficient training programs for strength and hypertrophy: a narrative review. Sports Medicine, 51(10), 2079-2095. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01490-11.

Jiang, X., Gholami, M., Khoshnam, M., Eng, J. J., & Menon, C. (2019). Estimation of ankle joint power during walking using two inertial sensors. Sensors (Switzerland), 19(12), 2796. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122796 .

Jung, E. Y., Jung, J. H., Cho, H. Y., & Kim, S. H. (2023). Effects of plantar flexor stretching on static and dynamic balance in healthy adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1462. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021462

Kalra, S., Pal, S., Pawaria, S., & Yadav, J. (2021). Comparative study of wobble board and Bosu ball along with strength training on lower limb strength, dynamic balance, agility and functional performance of runners with lateral ankle instability. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2021/46588.14820

Kim, M.-K., Choi, J.-H., Gim, M.-A., Kim, Y.-H., & Yoo, K.-T. (2015). Effects of different types of exercise on muscle activity and balance control. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.1875

Kümmel, J., Kramer, A., Giboin, L. S., & Gruber, M. (2016). Specificity of balance training in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 46, 1261–1271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0515-z .

Lee, K. S., Wang, J. W., Lee, D. Y., Yu, J. H., Kim, J. S., Kim, S. G., & Hong, J. H. (2022). Effects of progressive core and ankle muscle strengthening exercises using TheraBand on body balance. The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy, 34(3), 121–127. https://doi.org/10.18857/jkpt.2022.34.3.121 .

Mattacola, C. G., & Dwyer, M. K. (2002). Rehabilitation of the ankle after acute sprain or chronic instability. Journal of Athletic Training, 37(4), 413–429. www.journalofathletictraining.org

Mollà-Casanova, S., Inglés, M., & Serra-Añó, P. (2021). Effects of balance training on functionality, ankle instability, and dynamic balance outcomes in people with chronic ankle instability: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Rehabilitation, 35(12), 1694–1709. https://doi.org/10.1177/02692155211003166

Nazmi, N., Rahman, M. A. A., Yamamoto, S. I., Ahmad, S. A., Zamzuri, H., & Mazlan, S. A. (2016). A review of classification techniques of EMG signals during isotonic and isometric contractions. Sensors (Switzerland), 16(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/s16081304

Nugraha, P. D., Soegiyanto, S., Kristiyanto, A., & Azam, M. (2022). The effect of ankle strengthening exercise on balance in youth basketball players. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 17(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2022.0107

Pau, M., Arippa, F., Leban, B., Corona, F., Ibba, G., Todde, F., & Scorcu, M. (2015). Relationship between static and dynamic balance abilities in Italian professional and youth league soccer players. Physical Therapy in Sport, 16(3), 236–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2014.12.003.

Powden, C. J., Hoch, J. M., Jamali, B. E., & Hoch, M. C. (2019). A 4-week multimodal intervention for individuals with chronic ankle instability: Examination of disease-oriented and patient-oriented outcomes. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(4), 384–396. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-344-17 .

Prochazka, A. (2021). Proprioception: Clinical relevance and neurophysiology. Current Opinion in Physiology, 23, 100440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cophys.2021.05.003

Sinclair, J. (2015). Barefoot and shod running: Their effects on foot muscle kinetics. The Foot and Ankle Online Journal, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.3827/faoj.2015.0802.0002

Smith, B. I., Docherty, C. L., Simon, J., Klossner, J., & Schrader, J. (2012). Ankle strength and force sense after a progressive, 6-week strength-training program in people with functional ankle instability. Journal of Athletic Training, 47(3), 282–288. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-47.3.06

Tabrizi, H. B., Abbasi, A., & Sarvestani, H. J. (2013). Comparing the static and dynamic balances and their relationship with the anthropometrical characteristics in the athletes of selected sports. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 15(2), 216–221. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.15.2.7426

Wahyuti, S. A., Siswantoyo, S., Meikahani, R., Paryadi, W., Putro, A. S., Perdana, R. P., & Dewangga, M. W. (2022). Relationship between physical activity and body mass index in women's volleyball athletes during COVID-19 pandemic in Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences, 5(6), 1102–1108. https://doi.org/10.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2022.6.9

Wang, B., Zhang, X., Zhu, F., Zhu, W., Wang, X., Jia, F., Chen, W., & Zhang, M. (2022). A randomized controlled trial comparing rehabilitation with isokinetic exercises and Thera-Band strength training in patients with functional ankle instability. PLOS ONE, 17(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278284

Wang, H., Yu, H., Kim, Y. H., & Kan, W. (2021). Comparison of the effect of resistance and balance training on isokinetic eversion strength, dynamic balance, hop test, and ankle score in ankle sprain. Life, 11(4), 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11040307

Waterman, B. R., Belmont Jr, P. J., Cameron, K. L., Svoboda, S. J., Alitz, C. J., & Owens, B. D. (2011). Risk factors for syndesmotic and medial ankle sprain: Role of sex, sport, and level of competition. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(5), 992–998. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510391462 .

Young, J. L., Rhon, D. I., de Zoete, R. M. J., Cleland, J. A., & Snodgrass, S. J. (2018). The influence of dosing on effect size of exercise therapy for musculoskeletal foot and ankle disorders: A systematic review. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 22(1), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.10.00

Zemková, E., & Zapletalová, L. (2022). The role of neuromuscular control of postural and core stability in functional movement and athlete performance. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 796097. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.796097 .

Downloads

Published

2025-09-12

How to Cite

[1]
Nurul Farihah Ismail, “The Effect of Bosu Ball Strengthening Exercise on Dynamic Balance Among UniKL RCMP Athletes”, Malaysian J. Sci. Adv. Tech., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 185–189, Sep. 2025.