Enhancing Charge Acceptance of Lead Acid Battery Using Graphene-Infused Grid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v5i4.503Keywords:
Graphene, Lead Acid Battery, Positive Grid, Charge Acceptance, Electrochemical AnalysisAbstract
This paper presents a solution to improve the charge acceptance rate, enhancing life cycle and improving efficiency of lead acid battery by making lead Graphene composite for positive grid. This study introduced varying amounts of Graphene by powder metallurgy techniques into lead using powder metallurgy techniques, with lead serving as the as the grid material. An allotropic form of carbon, Graphene possesses superconductive qualities and primarily prevents corrosion and lowers the resistance between sulphuric acid and spongy lead. It does not take part in the process. This study follows an experimental approach to achieve the aim of improvement in the lead acid battery. A series of composites specimens were fabricated in different composition. A series of tests performed, include Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Microstructure, Electrical Resistivity, Electrical Conductivity, Charge Potential, Impedance Spectroscopy, Corrosion, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Results revealed that the sample with 1.5% graphene exhibited optimal performance. Compared to pure lead grids, electrical conductivity improved by 13.3%, and electrical resistance decreased significantly. Corrosion analysis showed a notable reduction in corrosion rate, particularly in the 1.5% graphene sample, due to uniform granular bonding observed in SEM images. CV curves of this sample also demonstrated enhanced redox behaviour and current density, indicating better charge retention. This study analyses the results and compares those results with the spongy lead results which are being used in normal lead acid batteries as positive grid. In this study, it is noted that notable improvements in the lead acid battery were achieved by using the lead Graphene composite.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Shoukat Ali Noonari, Sagheer Ahmed lund, Maria Panhwar, Tanweer Hussain Phulpoto, Amna Hafeez Rajput, Aftab Ahmed Khuhro
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