A Bibliometric Analysis of Development Trends of Digitalization in Tai Chi

Authors

  • Zhang Hang Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4721-307X
  • Nur-Hasanah Binti Ruslan Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
  • Azlina Bt Zid Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5787-8904

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v5i1.436

Keywords:

Tai Chi, Digitization, Bibliometrics, Visualization Analysis, Knowledge Mapping

Abstract

As an important part of traditional Chinese martial arts, digital technology has profoundly influenced Tai Chi in recent years. However, there is still a lack of systematic analysis of the application of digitalization in the field of Tai Chi. This study aims to analyze the relevant literature retrieved from 2015 to 2024 in the Web of Science (WOS), SCOPUS, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases through bibliometric methods, and then use VOSviewer software to visualize the publication volume, author cooperation network, and keyword co-occurrence. A total of 112 valid documents were retrieved (5 WOS, 97 Scopus, and 15 CNKI), of which 5 WOS articles were included in the Scopus database. Since 2015, the number of relevant English and Chinese literature has shown a steady upward trend, and the author cooperation network shows the characteristics of team-based English literature and decentralized Chinese literature. Keyword analysis shows that the English literature focuses on technological innovation and empirical research, while the Chinese literature pays more attention to cultural inheritance and teaching practice. This study is the first to conduct a systematic analysis of digital research on Tai Chi, revealing significant differences in research focus between Chinese and English literature, and providing an important reference for future development in this field.

References

S. Skowron-Markowska and M. Nowakowska, “Chinese Destinations Related to Martial Arts Tourism from the UNESCO Perspective,” Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 14, p. 7581, Jul. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147581.

R. Song, M. Park, T. Jang, J. Oh, and M. K. Sohn, “Effects of a Tai Chi-Based Stroke Rehabilitation Program on Symptom Clusters, Physical and Cognitive Functions, and Quality of Life: A Randomized Feasibility Study,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 18, no. 10, p. 5453, May 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105453.

S. Palermi et al., (2020). Effectiveness of Tai Chi on balance improvement in type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of aging and physical activity, vol. 28, no. 5, p. 787-797, doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2019-0416

S. Guo et al., “Effect of tai chi on glycaemic control, lipid metabolism and body composition in adults with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis and systematic review,” Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 53, no. 3, p. jrm00165, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2799.

R. Gu, Y. Gao, C. Zhang, X. Liu, and Z. Sun, “Effect of Tai Chi on Cognitive Function among Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2021, pp. 1–9, Aug. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6679153.

J.-Y. Zhang, S.-S. Li, L.-N. Meng, and Y.-Q. Zhou, “Effectiveness of a nurse-led Mindfulness-based Tai Chi Chuan (MTCC) program on Posttraumatic Growth and perceived stress and anxiety of breast cancer survivors,” European Journal of Psychotraumatology, vol. 13, no. 1, Feb. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.2023314.

J. Xiao and M. Guo, “Promotion of VR Technology in Taijiquan Multimedia Edge Computing Technology,” Mobile Information Systems, vol. 2021, pp. 1–11, Nov. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7942409.

W. Li, “Application of Fine Motion Capture Method for Tai Chi Chuan Assistant Training,” Journal of Sensors, vol. 2022, pp. 1–11, May 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1269042.

Y. Zhang, H. Li, and R. Huang, “The Effect of Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) Training and Artificial Intelligence-Based Movement-Precision Feedback on the Mental and Physical Outcomes of Elderly,” Sensors, vol. 24, no. 19, p. 6485, Oct. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196485.

Y. Song, J. Liu, F. Cao, and H. Hu, “A Feasibility Study on the Popularization of Tai Chi with Virtual Reality Technology,” Jan. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tcs52929.2021.00116.

L. M. Sawyer et al., “Rapid conversion of Tai Chi classes from face‐to‐face to virtual during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A quality improvement project,” Nursing Forum, Jan. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12690.

J. Li, H. Hu, Q. Xing, X. Wang, J. Li, and Y. Shen, “Tai Chi Action Quality Assessment and Visual Analysis with a Consumer RGB-D Camera,” 2022 IEEE 24th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP), pp. 1–6, Sep. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/mmsp55362.2022.9949464.

X. Sun et al., “A Survey of Technologies Facilitating Home and Community-Based Stroke Rehabilitation,” International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 1016–1042, Apr. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2050545.

Y. Chen et al., “Understanding the Role of Technology Anxiety in the Adoption of Digital Health Technologies (DHTs) by Older Adults with Chronic Diseases in Shanghai: An Extension of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Model,” Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 14, p. 1421, Winter 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141421.

H. L. Tam, L. Y. L. Leung, and A. S. W. Chan, “Effectiveness of Tai Chi in Patients With Hypertension,” The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 443–453, May 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/jcn.0000000000000921.

D. Liu, L. Yi, M. Sheng, G. Wang, and Y. Zou, “The Efficacy of Tai Chi and Qigong Exercises on Blood Pressure and Blood Levels of Nitric Oxide and Endothelin-1 in Patients with Essential Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2020, pp. 1–24, Jul. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3267971.

H. Liu, Y. Salem, and S. Aggarwal, “Effects of Tai Chi on biomarkers and their implication to neurorehabilitation – a systemic review,” European Journal of Integrative Medicine, vol. 50, p. 101391, Feb. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101391.

N. Donthu, S. Kumar, D. Mukherjee, N. Pandey, and W. M. Lim, “How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines,” Journal of Business Research, vol. 133, pp. 285–296, Sep. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070.

M.-A. Vera-Baceta, M. Thelwall, and K. Kousha, “Web of Science and Scopus language coverage,” Scientometrics, vol. 121, no. 3, pp. 1803–1813, Oct. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03264-z.

R. Pranckutė, “Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus: The Titans of Bibliographic Information in Today’s Academic World,” Publications, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 12, Mar. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/publications9010012.

M. Kumpulainen and M. Seppänen, “Combining Web of Science and Scopus datasets in citation-based literature study,” Scientometrics, vol. 127, no. 10, pp. 5613–5631, Aug. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-022-04475-7.

R. Tomaszewski, “Visibility, impact, and applications of bibliometric software tools through citation analysis,” Scientometrics, vol. 128, no. 7, pp. 4007–4028, Jun. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-023-04725-2.

Q.-Y. Qin, J.-Y. Liu, Y.-H. Chen, X.-R. Wang, and T.-J. Chu, “Knowledge Mapping of the Development Trend of Smart Fisheries in China: A Bibliometric Analysis,” Fishes, vol. 9, no. 7, p. 258, Jul. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9070258.

N. J. Van Eck and L. Waltman, “Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping,” Scientometrics, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 523–538, Dec. 2009, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3.

Z. Li, J. Li, J. Kong, Z. Li, R. Wang, and F. Jiang, “Adolescent mental health interventions: a narrative review of the positive effects of physical activity and implementation strategies,” Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 15, Jun. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1433698.

S. Salini, “An Introduction to Bibliometrics,” John Wiley & Sons, Ltd eBooks, pp. 130–143, Sep. 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118763025.ch14.

X. Li, D. Fan, J. Feng, Y. Lei, C. Cheng, and X. Li, “Systematic review of motion capture in virtual reality: Enhancing the precision of sports training,” Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments, pp. 1–23, Jan. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.3233/ais-230198.

Y. Li, Q. Wang, Y. Ren, and X. Mao, “Effects of tai chi based on information and communication technology for patients with mild cognitive impairment on cognitive and physical function: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Frontiers in Public Health, vol. 12, Jan. 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1495645.

W. Chen, M. Li, H. Li, Y. Lin, and Z. Feng, “Tai Chi for fall prevention and balance improvement in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials,” Frontiers in Public Health, vol. 11, no. 11, p. 1236050, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1236050.

Y. Sui, P. P. K. Kor, M. Li, and J. Wang, “Effects of a Social Media–Based Mind-Body Intervention Embedded With Acupressure and Mindfulness for Stress Reduction Among Family Caregivers of Frail Older Adults: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial,” JMIR Formative Research, vol. 7, p. e42861, Jan. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.2196/42861.

G. Yang et al., “Perceptions of Participants on Trial Participation and Adherence to Tai Chi: A Qualitative Study,” Patient Preference and Adherence, vol. 16, pp. 2695–2707, Sep. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s380780.

J. Kim, Y. Kim, P.-S. Chang, S. Min Oh, and S. Han, “A Pilot Study of Virtual Reality (VR) Tai Chi Program on Mental Health among Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic,” American Journal of Health Behavior, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 576–585, Oct. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.46.5.8.

X. Liao, “Challenging the Vision-Driven Culture in Immersive Meditation Experience: Designing Taoisonic Zone,” Creativity and Cognition, Jun. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/3527927.3535214.

Ge, M. (2015). English writing for international publication in the age of globalization: Practices and perceptions of mainland Chinese academics in the humanities and social sciences. Publications, 3(2), 43-64. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications3020043

J. Liu et al., “The Effects of Tai Chi on Heart Rate Variability in Older Chinese Individuals with Depression,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 15, no. 12, p. 2771, Dec. 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122771.

D. Meng et al., “Effectiveness of a Hybrid Exercise Program on the Physical Abilities of Frail Elderly and Explainable Artificial-Intelligence-Based Clinical Assistance,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 19, no. 12, p. 6988, Jun. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19126988.

I. Vergeer and B. Klepac-Pogrmilovic, “Diversification of Physical Activities: An Exploration of Provision Characteristics of Holistic Movement Practices in a Large Australian City,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 18, no. 19, p. 10365, Oct. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910365.

H. Li, F. Peng, S. Lyu, Z. Ji, and Y. Li, “Study on Two Typical Progressive Motions in Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) Promoting Lower Extremity Exercise,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 2264–2264, Jan. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032264.

W. Zhang, Z. Liu, L. Zhou, H. Leung, and A. B. Chan, “Martial Arts, Dancing and Sports dataset: A challenging stereo and multi-view dataset for 3D human pose estimation,” Image and Vision Computing, vol. 61, pp. 22–39, Feb. 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2017.02.002.

C.-C. Hsieh et al., “The Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality-Based Tai Chi Exercise on Cognitive and Physical Function in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment,” Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, vol. 46, no. 5–6, pp. 358–370, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000494659.

D. Banakou, P. D. Hanumanthu, and M. Slater, “Virtual Embodiment of White People in a Black Virtual Body Leads to a Sustained Reduction in Their Implicit Racial Bias,” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 10, Nov. 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.0060.

R. Kuang et al., “Research on the Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Central China’s Intangible Cultural Heritage,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 7, p. 5751, Jan. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075751.

Y. Zhao, Y. Yang, S. Leszek, and X. Wang, “Experience in the transformation process of ‘coal city’ to ‘beautiful city’: Taking Jiaozuo City as an example,” Energy Policy, vol. 150, p. 112164, Jan. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112164.

H. D. Yang, “Jiaozuo's non-genetic inheritance and innovation approach from the digital perspective,” JinGu Creative Literature, vol. 15,pp. 72-73, 2021.

. P. Liu, and Z. Xu, (2024). “Research on the path and countermeasures of cultural inheritance and promotion of Taijiquan under the digital background,” Journal of Jiaozuo University, vol. 03, 2024.

M. Garcia et al., “Technoethical Considerations for Advancing Health Literacy and Medical Practice: A Posthumanist Framework in the Age of Healthcare 5.0,” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5112804.

S. J. Trenfield et al., “Advancing pharmacy and healthcare with virtual digital technologies,” Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol. 182, p. 114098, Jan. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.114098.

World Health Organization, “Global strategy on digital health 2020-2025,” 2020. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/ documents/gs4dh.pdf

tate Council of China, “The 14th five-year plan for digital economy development,” (2022). Retrieved from http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/ content/2022-01/12/content_5667817.htm

Downloads

Published

2025-03-11

How to Cite

[1]
Zhang Hang, Nur-Hasanah Binti Ruslan, and Azlina Bt Zid, “A Bibliometric Analysis of Development Trends of Digitalization in Tai Chi”, Malaysian J. Sci. Adv. Tech., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 53–60, Mar. 2025.

Issue

Section

Articles