Environmental Sanitation Practices in Slum Area: The Makoko Experience
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v5i4.572Keywords:
Slum, Environmental Sanitation, Makoko, Lago State, WaterwayAbstract
The study assessed environmental sanitation practices in Makoko, Lagos Nigeria. Using multistage sampling techniques, four (4) communities were randomly selected with two (2) along waterways and two (2) off waterways in the study area. Questionnaires were administered on 121 residents in the study area comprising of 60 and 61 respondents sampled in communities along waterway and off waterway respectively. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. Based on the findings, the study revealed a significant difference in the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents residing in both communities along waterway and off waterway within Makoko. Also, there is inadequate environmental sanitation facilities in off water ways communities with 67.8% indicating that whereas there is an improvement along water ways communities. Majority (40.4%) of the residents make use of illegal dumpsite as their means of waste disposal due to the fact that they lack access to government’s owned waste disposal method. In all, environmental sanitation practices are at low ebb especially in off water ways communities. The study therefore recommended that government should provide adequate environmental sanitation facilities especially water supply and waste disposal. This is because availability to environmental sanitation facilities which will enhance environmental sanitation practices.
References
R. L. Philip, (2010). Effects of urbanization on human health and environment. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(5) 4065 - 4073. url: https://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_18276_sa_2022_15-03/c/articles-2140644.pdf.pdf
United Nations [UN]. (2023). The Sustainable Development Goals Report: Special Edition. url: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2023
World Bank. (2023). Developing Housing Finance: Nigeria Affordable Housing. Urban Population (% of Total Population). World Urbanization Prospects Data. url: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/4cc98812-e872-5dd1-a120-fcebd4029b46
C. A. Emma-Ochu, & E. Onwuka, (2016, March). Slum Development and Urban Renewal in Nigeria. In Ebohon, OJ, Ayeni, D. A, Egbu, C. O, and Omole, FK Procs. of the Joint International Conference (JIC) on 21st Century Human Habitat: Issues, Sustainability and Development (pp. 21-24). url: https://www.scribd.com/document/336155731/COMPLETE-BOOK-OF-PROCEEDING-160923-pdf
World Health Organization [WHO] & United Nations International Children Emergency Fund [UNICEF]. (2013). Progress on sanitation and drinking water. World HealthOrganization. url: https://data.unicef.org/resources/progress-on-sanitation-and-drinking-water-2013-update/
M. Acheampong, (2010). Environmental sanitation for health promotion. Public Health Perspectives, 14(2) 75 - 89. url: http://www.modernghana.com/news/298998/1/open-defecation-in-accra-health-and-environmental-.html
World Health Organization [WHO] (2018). The role of public health organizations in addressing social determinants of health. Retrieved from url: https://www.who.int/sdhconference/resources/Role_of_public_health_organizations_in_addressing_SDH.pdf.
O. Daramola, D. Mobolaji, O. Tajudeen, O. Popoola, J. Igharo, & P, Oyelere, (2023). Environmental Quality in Urban Areas of Developing Countries: The Example of Bodija and Owode Public Housing Estates, Ibadan, Nigeria. FUOYE Planning Journal, 1(2) 65- 77. ISSN 2992 – 3840. url: https://fpj.fuoye.edu.ng/index.php/fpj/article/view/28
O. P. Daramola, O, A, Olowoporoku, & D. O. Mobolaji, (2023). Biting the Bullet: The case of Households’ Resilience to Water and Sanitation Deficit in Nigeria. Environmental Problems Journal, 8(1) 37 – 46. doi: https://doi.org/10.23939/ep2023.01.037
O. P. Daramola, & P. O. Olawuni, (2017). Assessing the Water Supply and Sanitation Sector for Post-2015 Development Agenda: A Focus on Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. Environment Development and Sustainability, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10668-017-0077-8
P. C. Mmom, & C. O. Mmom, (2011). Unplanned living environment and poor sanitary habits in developing societies: Implications for health and well-being. Journal of Health and Environment, 30(2) 75 - 89.
A. K. Morka, (2007). Informal settlements in Lagos: Challenges and prospects. African Research Review, 1(2) 10 - 23.
I. O. Adelekan, (2009). Vulnerability of poor urban coastal communities to flooding in Lagos, Nigeria. Environment and Urbanization, 21(2) 433 - 455. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247810380141
D. O. Mobolaji, (2020). Residents’ Perception of Physical Planning Regulations in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. B. Sc. Dissertation, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
O. Daramola, D. Mobolaji, & K. Idowu, (2022). Assessment of Developers’ Awareness of Physical Planning Regulations in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria. 4(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/2202.40.0141
O. Daramola, A. Olowoporoku, O. Akanmu, & A. Adejumo, (2018). Assessment of sanitation behavior among students in Southwest Nigeria. Journal of Health and Hygiene, 15(4) 201 - 215. url: https://sciendo.com/2/v2/download/article/10.2478/environ-2018-0010.pdf
I. S. Akoteyon, & O. Otusanya, (2023). Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Parts of Lagos Metropolis. Ghana Journal of Geography, 15(1) 84 – 112. url: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjg.v15i1.6
T. Olaoluwa, (2018). Urban population growth and its impact on health and social services in Lagos. Urban Studies Review, 30(5) 176 - 190.
N. Jessica, (2015). Living conditions in Makoko: Challenges and opportunities. Environment and Society, 12(2) 57 - 69.
H. Ayoola, A. Lawal, & M. Akinluyi. (2012). An assessment of housing sanitation and waste management practices in the residential core areas of Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. In S. Laryea, S. A. Agyepong, R. Leiringer, & W. Hughes (Eds.), Proceedings of the 4th West Africa Built Environment Research (WABER) Conference (pp. 377-388). Abuja, Nigeria.
A. Mohammed, L. Zungu, and M. Hoque (2013). Access to Safe Drinking Water and Availability of Environmental Sanitation Facilities among Dukem Town Households in Ethiopia. Journal of Human Ecology. 41(2), 131–138. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2013.11906560
S. Bello, (2007). Environmental sanitation practices in Ikorodu Town, Lagos State. Journal of Urban Health, 12(1) 45 - 56.
O. Daudu, (1995). Effectiveness of environmental sanitation practice in Ikeja local government. Journal of Public Health and Legislation, 21(3) 134 - 148.
J, Owoeye, (2013). Poverty, Sanitation and Public Health Nexus – Implications on Core Residential Neighbourhood of Akure, Nigeria. International Journal of Developing Societies. 2(3) 96-104. doi: https://doi.org/10.11634/216817831504448
O. Daramola, D. Mobolaji, A. Lawal, and K. Idowu. (2022). Environmental Health Practices in Traditional Area: The Tale of Ile-Ife, Nigeria. East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 5(2). doi: https://doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.5.2.989
O. Oginlade, (2017). Living conditions and health status of urban slum dwellers in makoko community, Lagos StatePopulation density and living conditions in Makoko. url: http://ir.bowen.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/612
L. Oduwaye, (2011). Challenges in slums: Congestion and infrastructure issues in Lagos. Journal of Urban Health Perspectives, 18(4) 201 - 215. doi: https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v7i1.19
S. Yomi, (2015). Environmental challenges in Makoko: A case study of sanitation facilities and waste management. Journal of Urban Studies, 40(3) 89 - 102. https://www.urbanstudiesjournal.com/review/how-cities-learn/
O. Daramola, (2015). Definition of environmental sanitation behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28(3) 201 - 215. https://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.desklight-a2c0b03f-5609-40c2-9fc4-fc820835943a/c/ees_16_3_fulltext.pdf-2
A. Olowoporoku, (2017). Environmental sanitation and national development. Environmental Management Journal, 35(2) 89 - 102. https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=BoUu8NsAAAAJ
D. O. Mobolaji, A. Durotoye, & O. P. Daramola, (2024). Students’ Perception of Environmental Quality in Public Secondary Schools of Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. Environmental Problems Journal, 9(4) 204 – 212. doi: https://doi.org/10.23939/ep2024.04.204
R. W. Perry, M. R. Greene, & M. K. Lindell, (1980). Enhancing evacuation warning compliance: suggestions for emergency planning. Disasters, 4(4) 433 - 449.
D. Mobolaji, O. Daramola, & O. Olowoporoku, (2022). Residents’ Narratives of Environmental Quality in Metropolitan Lagos, Nigeria. Environmental Problems Journal, 7(4) 188 - 195. doi: https://doi.org/10.23939/ep2022.04.188
UN. (2015). Sanitation and hygiene challenges in slums: A global perspective. UN Publications. https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2023/06/water_report_web.pdf
News Makoko: A Story of Untold Hardships and the Fight for Survival. url: https://www.lagoslocalnews.com/lifestyle/local-news/makoko-a-story-of-untold-hardships-and-the-fight-for-survival
Makoko: Available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makoko
Oyinloye, M. A., Olamiju, I. O., & Popoola, O. O. (2017). Urban renewal strategies in developing nations: A focus on Makoko, Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 10(8), 229-241. doi: https://doi.org/10.5897/JGRP2017.0631
Ayeni A. O.. Domestic Water Source, Sanitation and High Risk of Bacteriological Diseases in the Urban Slum: Case of Cholera in Makoko, Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health. 2014; 2(1):12-15. doi: https://doi.org/10.12691/jephh-2-1-3
African Health Report, Available at url: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/progress-on-sanitation-and-hygiene-in-africa--2000-2022
ICIR News Available at https://www.icirnigeria.org/tag/sanitation/
Jennifer M. Walske & Laura D. Tyson. (2017). Sanergy: Tackling Sanitation in Kenyan Slums. The Berkeley-Haas Case Series. University of California, Berkeley. Haas School of Business. 2016. doi: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526407627
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 David Mobolaji, Peter Oyelere, Oluwole Daramola, Ololade Ojo

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
