Comprehensive Feasibility Assessment of Integrated Valorization of EFB and POME in a Circular Bioeconomy Framework: Compost and Biogas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v6i2.598Keywords:
Circular bioeconomy, Oil palm biomass, Bunker system, Enriched compost, Techno-economic analysisAbstract
The palm oil industry produces vast amounts of palm oil mill effluent (POME) and empty fruit bunches (EFB), yet current disposal and treatment practices underexploit their resource potential. This study addresses a key research gap: existing works typically evaluate EFB and POME independently and lack a unified techno-economic assessment that quantifies combined capital–operating costs, operational interdependencies, and market-driven feasibility. Additionally, limited attention has been given to how enriched compost pricing and operational stability influence the long-term viability of integrated biorefinery configurations. Techno-economic analysis confirmed strong feasibility, achieving a 21.52% return on investment (ROI), a payback time (PT) of 4.65 years, and a positive net present value (NPV). Unlike electricity export, which had limited impact, project profitability was primarily driven by enriched compost price, operating stability, and capital efficiency. Sensitivity analysis revealed that feedstock cost fluctuations exerted only marginal influence. These findings underscore that market-driven compost valorization and operational optimization are decisive for financial resilience. By transforming waste into revenue-generating products, the approach offers a scalable pathway to enhance sustainability, reduce environmental burden, and strengthen Malaysia’s position in the global bioeconomy.
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