Influence of Injection Timing on Combustion Characteristics, Performance, and Emission Behaviour of Dual-Fuel Engines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v6i2.611Keywords:
Injection Timing, Dual Fuel, Combustion, Performance, EmissionAbstract
At low loads, dual-fuel engines typically exhibit lower thermal efficiency and higher emissions. In this study, Ansys Forte 2023 R1 was used to model the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a methane-diesel dual-fuel engine at injection timings (IT) of 3°, 5°, 7°, and 9° bTDC under a 0.44 MPa load. The CFD simulation employed a modified re-entrant bowl piston with a 50% methane energy share and a 110° spray angle, where methane was premixed through intake manifold injection. Results show that maximum cylinder pressure, temperature, and apparent heat release rate increase with advancing IT. The highest thermal efficiency (34.11 %) and lowest indicated specific fuel consumption were observed at 7° bTDC. O and OH radical formation rose when shifting IT from 3° to 9° bTDC due to improved mixing, which also enhanced premixed combustion. Therefore, CO, UHC, VOC, and soot emissions decreased as IT advanced. However, earlier injection produced higher peak temperatures, leading to increased NOx formation compared to later IT. However, 7° bTDC was identified as the optimal injection timing, providing the best balance of combustion efficiency, engine performance, and acceptable emission levels.
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