Extraction of Senna alata and Its Bioactive Potential: A Comparative Study of Organic and Deep Eutectic Solvents

Roziana Mohamed Hanaphi; Nurul Aina Nordin; Nur Farah Aqilah Norazmal Khairi

doi:10.56532/mjsat.v6iS1.784

Authors

Roziana Mohamed Hanaphi Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2831-2714
Nurul Aina Nordin Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Nur Farah Aqilah Norazmal Khairi Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2823-9732

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v6iS1.784

Keywords:

Antibacteria, Antioxidant, Senna alata, Deep Eutectic Solvent, Ethanol

Abstract

Senna alata is one of the Malaysian local medicinal plants with promising yet underexplored therapeutic value. Efficient extraction of plant compounds is essential to unlock its potential, and the selection of solvent plays a critical role in bioactivity. This study aims to compare the extraction potential of organic solvent (ethanol) and green solvent (deep eutectic solvent, DES) using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). Phytochemical analysis indicated that Senna alata-ethanolic extract contained saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids, while Senna alata-DES extract exhibited additional compounds of tannins, phenolics, and acids. The DPPH assay revealed antioxidant activity in all extracts at 0.2 mg/ml, with ethanolic extract showing the highest radical scavenging (84.08%), while DES extracts exhibited concentration-dependent RSA (50% DES: 29.1%, 60% DES: 47.7%, 70% DES: 51.2%). Conversely, Senna alata-DES extracts showed antibacterial activity with susceptible bacterial responses towards Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, but none in Senna alata-ethanolic extract. Senna alata-50% DES extract exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with MIC and MBC values of 20 and 10 mg/mL for E. coli and 5 and 2.5 mg/mL for B. subtilis, outperforming ethanolic extracts (> 600 mg/mL). Overall, these results highlight that different extraction systems selectively enrich distinct classes of bioactive compounds, thereby influencing functional bioactivities. While ethanolic extraction appears more efficient for antioxidant enrichment, DES extraction may be more advantageous for antimicrobial applications.

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