Development and Performance Evaluation of an Arduino-Based Temperature-Controlled Variable-Speed Fan System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v6iS2.822Keywords:
Arduino Uno, DC Motor Drive, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Temperature-Based Speed Control, Variable-Speed FanAbstract
This study presents the development and experimental evaluation of an Arduino-based temperature-controlled variable-speed fan system for adaptive cooling applications. The proposed system employs an Arduino Uno as the main controller, a DHT11 sensor for ambient temperature measurement, and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to regulate the speed of a DC fan motor through a motor driver circuit. The control strategy automatically adjusts the PWM duty cycle according to predefined temperature ranges, thereby varying the fan speed according to cooling demand. Experimental evaluation was conducted at different PWM operating conditions by measuring motor voltage, current, and rotational speed. The influence of mechanical loading was further investigated using laminated and hard paper fan blades with different load characteristics. The results demonstrate that increasing the PWM duty cycle increases the average motor voltage and rotational speed, with a maximum measured speed of approximately 14,041 rpm. Under heavier blade loading, higher motor current and lower rotational speed were observed, which are consistent with the torque-current and speed-load characteristics of a DC motor. Overall, the developed system demonstrates the feasibility of low-cost automatic temperature-based fan speed regulation while providing a practical platform for evaluating PWM-controlled DC motor drive performance.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Nurhani Rafifa Binti Azahar, Muhammad Aiman Bin Rasul, Md Zarafi Bin Ahmad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
